Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay

Those who think Transcendentalism is just a literary movement that took place in the early 1800s are only half correct. Transcendentalism is indeed a literary movement; however, it is much more than that. It is meant to challenge people to think for themselves and cause change. Authors such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee taught the importance of non-conformity and civil disobedience through short stories such as â€Å"Self Reliance† and â€Å"On the Duty of Civil Disobedience†, and the play, The Night Thoreau Spent in Jail. Transcendentalism is based on the belief that knowledge is derived from experience and personal reflection as opposed to reason. Transcendentalism promotes self-revelation because it encourages people to form their own opinions and then voice them in a way that will promote change in society. Transcendentalists ground their philosophy with the idea that every person’s inner self is where knowledge is gained. In Ralph Waldo Emerson’s â€Å"Self Reliance†, he says, ‘†What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think†¦It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude. ‘† Emerson realizes that it is easy to conform to society, but there is value in forming one’s own opinion. What makes a person great is if he or she can stand out in a crowd of people. While in a crowd, one can see the overall ideas of the group but never the individual thoughts that made up these ideas. Emerson is saying that to be great, one must be able to be with the crowd physically, but mentally remain one’s own person with their own ideas. Because Transcendentalism values individual opinions, it is also important to people such as Henry David Thoreau that everyone, especially the government, is open to other peoples’ opinions. In â€Å"On the Duty of Civil Disobedience† Thoreau says, â€Å"There will never be a really free and enlightened State until the State comes to recognize the individual as a higher and independent power†¦ and treats him accordingly. † Thoreau understands that citizens should be able to influence the government and cause change. To do this, the government needs to treat its citizens with respect. Politicians and other government workers need to do away with their pride and listen to what is really important- the citizens. When people can form their own opinions, respect others’ opinions, and voice their opinions, there will be harmony. In Transcendentalism, people are encouraged not only to form their own opinions, but to voice them as well. Thoreau tells everyone to â€Å"make known what kind of government would command his respect, and that will be one step toward obtaining it† (Thoreau). He supports transcendentalism by encouraging people to stand up and talk about their opinions. Thoreau understands that change, especially in government can only occur when individuals make their opinions heard. During his life, Thoreau challenged the idea of slavery, government corruption, payment of taxes, and the Mexican-American War. In The Night Thoreau Spent in Jail, Thoreau is talking to his old professor about how he should voice his discontent with the Mexican-American War. When Thoreau’s professor asks when he should voice his opinion Thoreau yells, â€Å"‘NOW! A year ago was too late! I’ll get you an audience. This afternoon. At Concord Square! †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Lawrence and Lee 89). In the play, Thoreau expresses that opinions are no good if they are not proclaimed to the world. If opinions are not voiced they cannot be heard. Transcendentalism values individual opinions and acknowledges that voicing them is crucial if they are going to spearhead change in their society. Transcendentalists agree that self-revelation is wasted if it is not voiced and then heard and thereby causing change. During The Night Thoreau Spent in Jail, Thoreau spends a small amount of time as a schoolteacher. While Thoreau is a schoolteacher, he gets into trouble with the schoolmaster because he lets his kids â€Å"Huckleberry† in order to come to a conclusion in a class discussion. After he gets in trouble Thoreau sarcastically tells his students, ‘â€Å"You must not listen to a cricket or smell a flower that has not been approved by the School Committee. You’d better close both ears and hold your nose- though you may have to grow an extra hand to do it†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Lawrence and Lee 20). In this instance, Thoreau is trying to speak out against the strict policy of the school committee. He sees that the policy is unfair and that students should be able to learn in a way that is effective for them. By speaking out against the school committee, Thoreau is opening up the possibility for a reform in the education system. Thoreau sees that there is an opportunity to promote change so he takes it and speaks his opinion. According to Thoreau and other transcendentalists, the government needs to be ameliorated. Thoreau says, â€Å"The government itself, which is only the mode which the people have chosen to execute their will, is equally liable to be abused and perverted before the people can act through it† (Thoreau). Transcendentalists agree that the government usually does not work for the people it is protecting. However, they do realize that it is necessary for the survival of the United States. Thoreau is encouraging people to take a stand against the current government, which he hopes will lead to a reform that will empower people to demand more influence in politics. Transcendentalism emphasizes that individuals need to voice their opinions if change is going to occur. According to Transcendentalists, promoting change in society occurs through self-revelation. There must be free thinking people in the world who are willing to make their voice heard if change is ever going to occur. Today many people think that the American school system is something that needs to be reformed. There is a problem if most students are no longer engaged and excited to go to school. Transcendentalists would say that students should be learning things that are interesting to them and cause them to think beyond what is being taught. Students should be encouraged to investigate and debate ideas in order to come up with their own. If America were still in the Transcendentalism time period, people would be insisting on these types of changes. They know that if they do not speak out, nothing will happen.

Differences of Private and Public Language Essay

â€Å"I remember to start with that day in Sacramento when I first entered a classroom, able to understand some fifty stray English words† (Rodriguez 535). Richard Rodriguez, who is the author of the essay â€Å"Private Language, Public Language†, introduces how he was raised and lived as well as how he felt growing up in the States as an immigrant family. After reading the Rodriguez’s essay, there are several points as well as the experiences that I was able to relate, perhaps because I share a similar background as the writer himself. Language as he says is separated by â€Å"Just opening or closing the screen door† (Rodriguez 537), the differences were simple as being home speaking his own language and staying within the world of the gringos, or white English speaking person. He also explains the differences on how Rodriguez expressed Spanish as a private language and English as a public language, and what those two languages meant to him emotionally as well as mentally. Rodriguez expresses his emotional feeling as he entered the classroom and heard the nun call out his name in English for the first time. â€Å"Quickly I turned to see my mother’s face dissolve in a watery blur behind the pebbled glass door† (Rodriguez 535). Being in a different environment and without anyone to rely on he was feeling confused and scared, and even seeing his mother with in a watery eyes did not give him any more comfort to begin with. Rodriguez was also very sensitive to the sounds. â€Å"I heard her sound out: Rich-heard Road-ree-guess† (Rodriguez 535). He was not used to the soft spoken sounds of the words especially with his name. Hearing his name spoken out in English made him even more feel like an outsider that did not belong with the crowd. Another characteristic can be not having sense of belonging to the society.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"We lived among gringos and only a block from the biggest, whitest houses† (Rodriguez 535). Although his family had a pride for being hard working family and being able to cope with in America, his family never felt welcome by the neighbors as well. His personality also changes when he is in public with stranger, which is a non-family member. â€Å"Walking down the sidewalk, under the canopy of talk trees, I’d warily notice the suddenly silent neighborhood kids who stood warily watching me† (Rodriguez 537). Rodriguez was not the only one who did not have the confidence and felt comfortable in English. â€Å"In public, my father and mother spoke hesitant, accented, not always grammatical English† (Rodriguez 536). They were not ashamed of where they came from but because they were well aware of the fact that they did not sound like gringos. Their voice and the tones were lower compared to when they spoke in Spanish. â€Å"I was unable to hear my own sounds, but I know very well that I spoke English poorly† (Rodriguez 536). He was never too embarrassed about how his parents did not speak English fluently because they went about with their life very well and coped with their issues on their own. However, he could not hide the fact that he got nervous when he was at presence with his father. â€Å"Hearing them, I’d grow nervous, my clutching trust in their protection and power weakened† (Rodriguez, 537). â€Å"The very first chance that I got, I evaded his grasp and ran on ahead into the dark, skipping with feigned boyish exuberance† (Rodriguez 537). On the other hand, the situation completely changes when his family is at home and being able to express their feelings and thought in their own language. â€Å"Spanish seemed to me the language of home. It became the language of joyful return† (Rodriguez 537). He also felt loved and made him feel like he was valued. â€Å"My parents would say something to me and I would feel embraced by the sounds of their words† (Rodriguez 537). Regardless of location and the times, whenever he encounters and hears the private language, the Spanish, he expresses how he feels close to home and finds himself at ease. â€Å"Spanish speakers, rather seemed related to me, for I sensed that we shared – through our language-the experience of feeling apart  from los gringos† (Rodriguez 537). Overall, after reading Rodriguez essay, I was able to relate and understand every aspect of the points. I grew up in the States forced to learn English just like Rodriguez had to in his childhood. I was able to connect with the fear he had, the feeling of being an outsider, and not being able to find comfort with the surrounding. Rodriguez referred Spanish as a private language due to the fact that Spanish was spoken only at home and only his kind of people, which are gringos can understand. On the other hand, English was referred as public language not only because he was forced to speak in order to go about his daily routine and able to blend in with others but also every non gringos spoke English. However, as he reached his adulthood he found comfort with his background, his ancestors and learned to appreciate the multicultural experiences. Rodriguez states in his essay, drawing a complete line between private and public language is not a healthy thought to have, but being proud o f having the opportunity to understand two different cultures is a great gain after all. Works Cited Richard, Rodregez. â€Å"Private Language, Public Language.† Strategies for Successful Writing: A Rhetoric, Research guide, Reader, and Handbook, Ninth Edition. Ed. Reinking, James A., R.v.d. Osten, and First Osten. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2011. eBook.

How Each Writer Makes You Feel Sympathy for the Main Characters

Both of the writers make me feel sympathy for the main characters because the main characters are both still in their youth and they both face the same fate – death. Although the characters are portrayed in very different situations, both writers show how powerless they are to avert their fate. By having an accident or tragedy in the pieces, the writers make the reader feel compassion because it is not the central characters fault. From saying that the boy was ‘a child at heart’ whilst ‘doing a man’s work’, Frost tells us directly how young the boy is and how he is not experienced enough to understand how important his hands are.He uses repetition of the word ‘child’ to emphasise how still is. In contrast, Andre and Jacob in The Last Night are only children; they are orphans and they only have each other to rely on. Faulks makes us feel even more sorry for the Jewish children because even a ‘baby of a few weeks is being lifte d’ onto the bus to go to the concentration camp. The writers make the reader feel sympathy for the main characters by making their background circumstances pitiable; although they are both young, their lives are very hard. The boy in the poem is only a teenager, but he is already working.In the poem, he is on his own working by himself and has to work for a very long day. Frost uses repetition of ‘snarled and rattled’ to emphasise how boring the boy’s job is. He has to concentrate and cannot enjoy the scenery; he is not one of those that had the time to lift their eyes to ‘count the five mountain ranges one behind the other under the sunset far into Vermont. ’ In contrast, the living conditions in the Last Night are very poor; the squalid conditions of the Jews that are waiting to be taken to the concentration camp makes the readers feel pity for them.While the children are waiting, they are only given a sandwich and a pail of water to share b etween them; they have to drink water out of sardine cans. The sleeping conditions are also very poor; the children have to sleep on dung. When Faulks talks about Andre ‘lying on the straw’ with the ‘soft bloom of his cheek laying, uncaring, in the dung’, the contrast of the words ‘soft bloom’ and ‘dung’ informs the reader of how dirty it is there. The characters in both texts have the same fate, but the writers portray their fate in different ways.In ‘Out, Out –’, the storyline happens a lot quicker and the poem includes the boy’s death. This makes the reader feel very shocked and sorry for the main character because everything can happen so quickly; life can be short and brutal. Frost makes the reader feel sympathy for the central characters by making the event seem threatening; he uses harsh onomatopoeic words. In ‘Out, Out –’, the buzz saw is presented as the boy’s enemy. Fr ost uses the word ‘snarled’ to compare the buzz saw with a fierce dog.The word ‘rattled’ makes the reader anxious because it makes the buzz saw seem like it is going to break soon. Frost uses repetition in his poem; by repeating ‘snarled and rattled’, the atmosphere grows tenser as the disastrous moment is approaching. He makes the accident seem terrible by including many details. The boy’s reaction after the incident happens is terror and fear about his hand. He shows the effect of injecting the wrong amount of ether in someone. The boy ‘puffed his lips out with his breath’ because the doctor ‘put him in the dark of ether. Frost even uses punctuation to explain the boy’s death; he uses dashes near the end of the poem to make it sound jerky: ‘they listened at his heart. Little–less–nothing! –and that ended it. ’ These pauses mimic his breathing because it is gradually slowing do wn as the words ‘little’, ‘less’ and then ‘nothing’ indicate. In The Last Night, the storyline is slower and less dramatic because the story ends with the Jews being loaded on the bus, while the poem ends with the boy’s death. By doing this, Faulks builds up anticipation of something dreadful that is going to happen.In this piece, we never find out exactly what happens to the Jews in the concentration camp, but we see them being loaded onto the buses. This makes it is easier for the reader to imagine what is going to happen to Andre and Jacob. In this story, the ‘homely thudding of a Parisian bus’ is the sound that threatens the Jews waiting to be taken to a concentration camp. This makes the reader feel pity for the Jews because they will never hear the ‘familiar sound’ of the engine’s noise again. Faulks includes many descriptions of what the Jews are doing; he makes it clear how it is going to be their last time.In the beginning of the story, when the Jews are writing their ‘final message’, we are told how they are writing with ‘sobbing passion’ and others with ‘punctilious care’ even though they know that the ‘camp orders forbid access to the post. ’ Even the description of Andre and Jacob huddling together lying on the straw makes the reader feel sorry for them. The sentence ‘Jacob’s limbs were intertwined with his for warmth’ shows how they both need each other. In both pieces, the central characters seem to be vulnerable and threatened by something they cannot control; they do not have ower over their fate. Neither of the characters is aware of their impending fate. In ‘Out, Out –’, the boy does not deserve to die; the buzz saw cuts the boy’s hand because he loses his concentration at the sound of his sister saying ‘Supper. ’ Even the people in both pieces wanting t o help are powerless: the doctor in ‘Out, Out –’ injects the wrong amount of ether in the boy, leaving him ‘in the dark of ether; the ‘shower of food’ that the women in The Last Night throw towards the Jews never reaches them.In The Last Night, the gendarmes drag the children to the bus; nothing will change even if they ‘dig in their heels and scream. ’ The writers make us feel sympathy by having different responses of the people around the central characters. In ‘Out, Out –’, when the boy accidentally cuts his hand and dies due to the excessive amount of ether, his fellow workers ‘turned to their affairs’, ‘since they were not the one dead. ’ They do not feel sympathy for the boy who has just died which makes the reader feel sorrier for the boy. In The Last Night, there are many women who are ‘wailing’ and mourning for the Jews.Even ‘a shower of food was thrown towar ds them’ to show how sorry they are because they cannot do anything to help the young children on-board. This makes the reader also feel sorry for the Jews. Even though the responses of the people in both texts are different, the reader still feels sorry in both occasions. In both texts, the writers create powerful dramatic irony by allowing the reader to understand what the central characters cannot foresee. The central characters created by the writers are innocent and do not deserve to die.When the boy in ‘Out, Out –’ accidentally cuts his hand with the buzz saw, at first he does not understand how serious his injury is: his ‘first outcry’ was a ‘rueful laugh’; he holds up his hand to keep his ‘life from spilling’ showing how much blood there is. In The Last Night, while the Jews are waiting to be taken to the concentration camp, the adults sit ‘slumped against the walls’. The children, on the other ha nd, have the ‘ability to fall asleep to dream of other places’ because they do not know where they are going to be taken since they are able to fall asleep without any worries.Later in the story, the adults ‘refuse to drink’ coffee because they know ‘it meant breakfast, and therefore departure’, while the children were at the ‘deepest moments of their sleep. ’ The writers make us feel sorry for the central characters because they both have feelings of fear and terror in them after understanding how serious the situations are. In ‘Out, Out –’, the boy’s fear when he is begging the doctor not to cut off his hand after he realises how important his hands are for work makes us feel sorry for him because he won’t be able to work.The Last Night shows Andre growing up through the story; it makes us feel sorry for him now that he has some understanding of what waits him. In the beginning, he does not reall y know what is happening, but when Andre sees a woman whose ‘eyes were fixed with terrible ferocity on a child,’ he starts wondering why. As he asks himself questions, he begins to understand why the woman was doing that and then he realises that the woman ‘was not looking in hatred, but †¦ she was looking to remember’ her child forever. This makes the reader feel very sorry for the parents who have to separate from their child.Later in the story, he ‘holds on hard to Jacob as they go up on the bus; this shows his own fear and realisation that they are probably going to die soon. Even though there are similarities in their background circumstances, the actual situation the central characters are in is different: one is ordinary and one is not. The situation of the boy in ‘Out, Out –’ is ordinary compared to Andre and Jacob’s situation because accidents at work are still quite common. One of the main differences is the s cale of the problem. Out, Out –’ presents a personal tragedy where the reader feels sympathy for just one person. On the other hand, The Last Night presents a whole group of people who are suffering. If you were poor, you would probably have to start working earlier because you would need more money. In the boy’s case, he has to start working at an earlier age, but because he loses his concentration for a moment, the buzz saw ‘leaps out at the boy’s hand. ’ The Last Night focuses on a historical event which is unparalleled in history – the Holocaust. The Jewish children cannot take any blame or responsibility for their fate.The story talks about what happens while they are waiting to be sent to a concentration camp in the 1940s; Faulks wants the reader to feel sympathy for a whole group. This shows how abnormal and unfair the situation is because many Jews were sent to concentration camps just for being Jewish. The characters’ b ackgrounds in both texts are very different compared to my situation; they have to go through a lot at such a young age. The way the characters are portrayed by the writer helps me understand their situation and empathise with them because there is a lot of descriptive detail.Overall, I felt more sympathy for Andre and his brother Jacob in The Last Night than the boy in ‘Out, Out –’ mainly because I can relate better to The Last Night because I know about the Second World War and what happened to the Jews. The poem includes the boy’s unexpected death, while the innocent and younger children in The Last Night do not even know where they are headed for; I find it more powerful that the reader is left to imagine what happens when the Jews reach the concentration camp and how Andre and Jacob copes.

Existentialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Existentialism - Essay Example In that case, there are elements of existentialism in both pop and high culture such as films, novels and paintings among others. Existentialism is a cultural and philosophical movement that the experiences of an individual are the defining point of all philosophical thinking (Flynn 145). Therefore, in a short story such as ‘To Build a Fire’ by Jack London, it is about the unfortunate tale of a man who falls victim to the power of nature. This happens when he goes for an expedition to a wild environment in Yukon with sub-freezing temperatures. The man struggles against the hostility of the weather when his feet get wet through the ice that is found in water including a hot freezing point. Therefore, in order to save himself, it is upon man to generate some warmth by lighting a fire to prevent his feet from freezing. On that brief account, the theme of existentialism is depicted in the inability of man to extricate him from the turbulent forces of nature. In other words, the man is in a cruel habitat with indifference in terms of according him peace and harmony. It thus compels him to accept the meaningless and indignity of nature. The man finally resigns to fate and discovers that nature is powerful and the only mercy is to play his role of protecting himself. Alternatively, it is imperative to note that there are several existentialistic themes discussed by Jack London in the short story. For example, there is the theme of despair that is apparent in the inability of the man to control nature. The man develops a deep dread of lighting a fire after his legs become wet because the forces of nature are extremely powerful. However, in the philosophical study of existentialism, despair is an inborn part of a human being despite the motivating forces of the feeling. In his book Works of Love, Kierkegaard notes â€Å"†¦Lovingly to hope all things is the opposite of despairingly to hope nothing at all† (Flynn 246). This suggests that irrespect ive of the feelings of the man at the moment of being overwhelmed by nature, there is nothing substantial he can do to avoid the feelings of despair. Furthermore, the state of despair is noted when the raging snow in Yukon extinguishes his fire and becomes apprehensive that he may lose his toes because of the tormenting frostbites. Afterwards, he decides to gather grass and twigs to try and light another fire despite the numbness of his frozen fingers. Later, the man lapses into a state of angst that leads him to do some desperate moves to help him. Therefore, this leads to another fundamental theme of existentialism that deals with anger or angst. According to the famous proponents of existentialism such as Camus and Sartre, angst may also take the designs of anxiety or anguish, and it means the freedom to do anything because the choice is human responsibility. In the story, after the man discovers that he cannot light a fire with frozen fingers, the available freedom of choice com pels him to collect all his matches and set them all ablaze. This angst also leads him to raze a piece of bark including his own hands in the last anguish to save him from the terrible desperation. This is what Jean Sartre notes in his essay â€Å"Existentialism is a Humanism† as â€Å"†¦man is in anguish, meaning that he who chooses cannot escape a deep responsibility

Marketing Strategy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Marketing Strategy - Term Paper Example This will help the company in bringing together all the basics of marketing for the purpose of ensuring that the objective of the promotion; that is entering a new market of the new innovation is achieved. Introduction The first iMac was the earliest legacy-free PC. The original iMac was the first ever Macintosh computer not to have the FDD and to be fitted with a USB port. All the Macs have consequently fitted it. Through the USB port, we find that the makers of hardware could produce items that compatible with both the Macs and the x86. Initially, the users of Macintosh were forced to look for particular hardware, like the mice and keyboards that were specially designed for the ‘old world’ the exclusive ADB interface and modems together with printers with the LocalTalk ports of the Mac. Only a small number of the models from particular producers or companies came with these interfaces, and usually and often went at a premium price. Being cross-platform, we find that th e USB has enabled the users of Macintosh to choose from a large variety of devices that are promoted for Wintel PC platform, like storage devices, mice, canners, USB flash drives and hubs. As the USB was slower compared to many ports present at the time like the SCSI, iBooks, and the unmodified iMacs were seriously crippled until sufficient replacements like the USB 2.0 and FireWire were standardized. However, after iMac, the company continued removing the older floppy drives together with peripheral interfaces from its remaining product line (Carroll, 2011). Borrowing from the 20th Anniversary Macintosh of 1997, the different iMacs designs that are LCD-based maintained the all-in-one idea first envisaged in the original Macintosh computer of the company. Nevertheless, the successful iMac enabled the company to continue with its targeting of the Power Macintosh line at the market’s high-end. This prefigured the same concept in the notebook market when the iBook that looks lik e the iMac was launched in the year 1999. However, since then, Apple has maintained this concept of consumer differentiation against the professional product lines (Sculley, 2009). The focus of the company on design has enabled all of its consequent products to establish a distinct identity. The company avoided the use of the beige colors that were pervading the industry at that time. Apple would later shift from the multihued designs of the late 1990s and the early 2000s. However, the later part of the twenty first century’s first decade saw the company applying the anodized aluminum and black, white, and the clear polycarbonate plastics. Several PCs currently, are more design-conscious compared to the period before the introduction of the iMac, with the multi-shaded schemes of design being widespread, and some laptops together with desktops present in multicolored, and decorative or pretty patterns (Frank, 2010, p52). The campaign is to be carried out in the United States a nd in countries all over the world. The time frame for theses objectives to be achieved will be twenty four months. As the company works towards the introduction of upgraded and newer products, adjustments and refinements may need to be undertaken. However, the most important thing is maintaining consistency. Moreover, since both objectives are based on one another, the company should primarily focus on putting emphasis or stress on the extensibility message in attempting to speed understanding to the idea or concept of digital lifestyle

Context planing article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Context planing article - Essay Example The new developments require collaborative efforts of both media professionals and media agencies in order to ensure effective communication. Hatcher points out a few instances where media agencies deployed their context planners effectively to unravel customer insights and ‘generated non-traditional media solutions’. According to Klues (2004), context planners â€Å"provide the essential link between the consumer’s experience with the advertisers’ brand and the various ways the consumer chooses to receive commercial messages about them† (as cited in Hatcher, 2005). Admittedly, the sustainability of media agencies depends on their creativity in context planning. Although change is visible in every sphere of social life and business activities more than ever before, media agencies are to struggle a lot to keep pace with the new developments happening in every industry. The most important thing about context planning is that business has become something more than a buying and selling process. It involves collective stakeholder participation that ensures convenient service, sustainable profit, effective communication, and many other aspects. Today, media agencies work as a third party to link in this process to ensure this solidity. The emergence of countless organisations in the same industry increases market tension and thereby the responsibility of media agencies or context planning professionals to ensure consumer contact. Obviously, context planning thus has become popular and integral part of modern business. The old method of business will no longer work in the present scenario. As a response to the necessity of context planning, media agencies like Starcom Media Vest, Universal McCann successfully implemented the context planning (Hatcher). Today customer relationship marketing is entitled with media agencies to some extents. Organisations today explore the most cost effective and potential way to connect with the consumers. In

What is the current status of clinical gene therapy trials for Chronic Essay

What is the current status of clinical gene therapy trials for Chronic Granulomatous Disorder - Essay Example ests that the disease is present in ‘one in 250,000’ infants at birth, but the symptoms become evident only when the child reaches a few months of age (Assari 2006: 6). Only 21% of patients have survived the disease beyond the age of 7 previously, whereas the recent trends show improvement in the survival rates because of the ‘advancement in treatments’ (Assari 2006: 6). On the other hand, the disease can rarely occur in adults, and therefore, if someone has the problem of ‘recurrent infections’, it will be advisable to subject such individuals to an evaluation, irrespective of the age factor (Chung, Cyr & Ellis 2013: 2). Gene therapy, which is the intervention in a disease or disorder through introducing genes into the affected cells to set right the impacts of ‘specific gene mutations’, is one of the methods used in the treatment of CGD (Dugal & Chaudhary 2012: 4). However, evidence suggests that in order for the treatment to be effective, the appropriate gene will have to be incorporated into the target cell ‘specifically, efficiently and stably’ (Dugal & Chaudhary 2012: 4). On the other hand, it is also necessary to use the most appropriate vector for the introduction of the gene or gene delivery into the human cell. Research studies have identified lentiviral vectors (LVs) to be one of the effective and the ‘most widely used’ vectors in gene therapy (Dugal & Chaudhary 2012: 4). A study conducted by Assari (2006: 6) on mice found that gene therapy, using recombinant retroviral vectors, is an effective treatment for the reconstruction of normal neutrophils an d in building ‘resistance to pathogens’ such as Aspergillus. The author also contends that gene therapy, using retroviral vectors in two humans, has produced ‘encouraging results’ where both of them have attained remarkable levels of gene corrected cells and their clinical conditions show good improvement (Assari 2006: 6). Studies further substantiate the fact that gene

An essay about the right of habeas corpus in the context of the war on

An about the right of habeas corpus in the context of the war on terror - Essay Example Signing into law of the Magna Carta was occurred in 1215 by King John. It gained significant political and legal prominence during the preceding centuries. During the early 12th century, King John of England was hugely unpopular in his country and was at constant conflict with some wealthy oil barons. The archbishop of Canterbury, in an effort to protect the rights of the church and make the king and the barons be at peace, conceived the Magna Carta. Magna Carta turned out as the Great Charter of the Liberties. The Charter promised the protection of the church’s rights from interference either by the king or the rebel barons. It also promised the barons protection from unfair or illegal imprisonment and limitations to the feudal payments to the crown. A council of 25 barons were necessary for the implementation of the feudal payments (Davis, 2010). King Edward in 1297 later issued this charter in a bid to raise taxes for his indebted monarchial government and to win political support. Edward institutionalized it as part of the Statute Law hence Giving birth to the genesis of the Habeas Corpus. In the early 16th century, a prominent lawyer who was also a politician; Sir Edward Coke advocated for common law to override the authority of the king. In addition, the advocacy was for the establishment of a civilian power and extension of the civil liberties of the freemen (Halliday, 2010). Coke was instrumental in the drafting of the petition of right. This petition later formed the basis for the English constitution and allowed for specific liberties. Aside from limiting the king from invoking martial law during the times of peace, the petition of right also permitted prisoners to give their views in the circumstances where their detention was questionable. Habeas corpus in England originated among the powerful ruling elites whose intention was to put limitations on the powers of the monarchy.

Math Report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Math - Lab Report Example The fact that these environments are less understood drivers the need to use observations, understand them and predict the future. Such efforts mostly involve intuition, but often involving examining existing similarities between them and other known and well understood situations. Mathematical modelling defines the system using mathematical language and concepts to describe its behaviour (Berry and Houston 2-3). The major application is in engineering and natural sciences disciplines, physicists, and computer science among others. Consequently, the use of mathematical models represent crucial elements of the presented system, thus presenting the usable form of knowledge for that system. For instance, modelling â€Å"the greenhouse effect† offers the best way to predict future conditions or situations on earth such as extent of carbon monoxide or temperatures. In this report, mathematical models are used to consume real-world data to formulate models that are analysed real world situations to offer conclusions, which after interpretation offer predictions or explanation for any system (Berry and Houston 3). Furthermore, mathematical models offer a means of solving math problems, and representing the association between any two or more variables and that are fundamental to a given problem or situation. This paper evaluates the concept of mathematical modelling in terms of differential equations. The concept is applicable because the variables analysed in the report are continuous, thus varying subject to other continuous variables. In this case, differential equations offer the rate of change of dependent variables subject to independent ones. Since the system is not limited to having only one independent variable, the mathematical model attained from the hypothesis is that which offers a model in terms of leading or advanced order ordinary differential equations of the system. Furthermore, mathematical models normally define a system that needs to

Job Satisfaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Job Satisfaction - Essay Example Many studies acknowledge this either explicitly, by using questionnaire data but taking it as indicative rather than accurate, or implicitly by focussing on more reliably observable data like reasons cited for leaving, and incidences of non-productive and counter-productive work. Interestingly, many studies conclude that pay is not generally a factor in job satisfaction, but job type, sex, age, being married and education do seem to be relevant factors. (Clark, 1996). In an older study from the mid-1970s, Katzell and Yankelovich concluded that job satisfaction and productivity â€Å"do not necessarily follow parallel paths† (1975, p. 12). What this means is that workers may be very committed, and very happy with their jobs, but they do not necessarily channel this into goals that the company wants to achieve. With the passage of time, and the focus more and more on hi-tech and knowledge-based industries, the need for every growing creativity and commitment in workers is evident, but the divergence between individual and company needs seems to be growing too. Added to this is the uncertainty and risk of free-market economics, and the fact that workers can no longer count on a fixed career plan, or a permanent position in any one company. It is very tempting to conclude that â€Å"the degree of relationship between job satisfaction and job performance is so tenuous and variable that, if there is a causal connection, it must either be intrins ically weak or conditioned by other circumstances in the work situation.† (Katsell and Yankelovich, 1975, p. 124). Later research has fortunately delved a little more deeply into those ill-defined â€Å"other circumstances in the work situation† and has begun to look beyond simple productivity at attributes like commitment and creativity which are increasingly required.

A bachelors degree Essay Example for Free

A bachelors degree Essay After obtaining a bachelors degree in marketing five years ago I never imagined myself going back to school and trying to pursue a masters degree in early childhood education. Every since I can think back to my childhood I have had so many great teachers. I have always value them not only as an educator but as a strong and compassionate individual. My interest in education began with my daughter, and spending a great amount of time as a parent volunteer in her classroom. In the classroom is where I developed a passion for working with kids, and helping them learn in a creative manner. I feel that children bring out the best in me. As a parent and educator I find myself not just a person who nurtures and cares for children, but someone who is excited to see children learn. I have taught my children how to be someone with good morals and ethics. I have helped them view education in most positive way. I strong believe that the early years of a childs life are crucial when it comes to education, and this is a time at which information can most effectively be absorbed. In order to ensure that our children the future of our society get the best education possible, it is vital that appropriately qualified, skilled, and knowledgeable educators are available to provide this knowledge and development. Two factors have contributed to my decision to pursue my education at the graduate level. First, by attending graduate school, I would have the opportunity pursue a position as director or admistative coordinator at a preschool. In addition, I seek further education in order to refine and improve my level of knowledge and skills educating young children. I feel that graduate school will enable me to discuss and research contemporary issues that are of chief importance to an educator practicing in todays society. 2. How do you perceive the process of graduate study in early childhood education helping you attain your personal and professional goals? The process of graduate study in early childhood education will strengthen my ability to lead as a director in quality programs in early childhood education. It will provide me with the tools and skills need to provide leadership and manage the day-to-day activities in schools, preschools, day care centers. Secondly, the process of graduate study will help me understand and perseve the importance of theories used in early childhood education. It will give me a chance to explore and apply those theories and practices used in a classroom setting. Third, the process of graduate study will help me gain knowledge so I can effectively conduct research studies pertaining to young children. Some studies which I am egger to conducted are studies concerning the long term benefits of children who attend preschool, how preschool can help in the development of children, and how teaching children though play can help children enjoy learnering. My personal benefits that I will gain from graduate study in early childhood education are, it will help me be able to understand and perceive social and cognitive development of my own children. It strengthen my relationship with my children and with children in general and, make it easier to perceive there way of thinking. 3. In what ways do you plan to make a contribution to the profession of early childhood education? As a profession of early childhood education a plan to make a difference though committing to enhancing the education, development, and well-being of young children. I will educate others about the importance of well-rounded preschool and the long term benefits it can have on a child. I plan to use what I have learned though graduate program and apply into the preschool environment. After completing graduate studies I plan to continue researching how we can continue to improve our early childhood education programs for the future generations. 4. What are your expectations from the Masters program in Early Childhood Education at California State University, Long Beach? First of all I think it would be not only an honor but a privilege for me to attend a graduate school that is so highly recognized professionally. My expectations from the Masters program in Early Childhood Education at CSULB are it will give me an opportunity to effectively communicate about theories and practices I have learned though out the program. It will give me a chance to conduct research and implement my research and incorporate that research into a preschool setting. It will broaden my understanding about the importance of cultural diversity in a classroom setting. It will give me a chance to further explore other areas which I can possible specialize in. The masters program will give me a chance to be a well recognized individual among peers and colleagues within my profession. Thinking back to my childhood, I have had many great teachers. I have always valued them not only as educators but as strong and compassionate individuals. I have helped them view education in the most positive way. I strongly believe that the early years of a childs life are crucial when it comes to education, and this is a time at which information can most effectively be absorbed. In order to ensure that our children, the future of our society, get the best education possible, it is vital that appropriately qualified, skilled, and knowledgeable educators are available to provide this knowledge and development. First, by attending graduate school, I would have the opportunity pursue a position as director or administrative coordinator at a preschool. It will provide me with the tools and skills needed to provide leadership and manage the day-to-day activities in schools, preschools, and day care centers. Secondly, the process of graduate study will help me understand and perceive the importance of theories used in early childhood education. Some studies which I am eager to conduct are studies concerning the long term benefits of children who attend preschool, how preschool can help in the development of children, and how teaching children through play can help them enjoy learning. The personal benefits that I will gain from graduate study in early childhood education include understanding and perceiving social and cognitive development in my own children, strengthening my relationship with my children and with children in general and, making it easier to perceive their way of thinking. This sounds rather repetitive; you are overusing perceive and being a little too general here. As a professional in early childhood education, I plan to make a difference though committing to enhancing the education, development, and well-being of young children. I will educate others about the importance of well-rounded preschool and the long term benefits it can have on a child. I plan to use what I have learned through my graduate program and apply it to the preschool environment. After completing graduate studies I plan to continue researching how we can continue to improve our early childhood education programs for the future generations. Again, this is rather vague. First of all, I think it would be not only an honor but a privilege for me to attend a graduate school that is so highly recognized professionally. My expectations from the Masters program in Early Childhood Education at CSULB are that it will give me an opportunity to effectively communicate about theories and practices I have learned throughout the program. It will give me a chance to conduct research and implement my research and incorporate it into a preschool setting. It will give me a chance to further explore other areas in which I can specialize. The masters program will give me the chance to be a well recognized individual among peers and colleagues within my profession. Try to come up with some more specific goals. When you are vague, it makes it sound as if you really dont know much about the field you want to specialize in. You might want to read some articles about issues in early childhood educationwhat is controversial in the field? what is cutting edge? and include some information you have gained from your reading, to show that you are well-versed in this area.

Ethical judgements Essay Example for Free

Ethical judgements Essay Our entire life is a continuous process of gaining and retaining information, expanding our knowledge as individuals. Most people spend quite a bit of time in their childhood years in school learning, taking in knowledge that has been produced. As a species humans have produced a wealth of knowledge in a variety of ways. However there comes a time where you have to wonder what extent people would go to, to produce knowledge. Where is the line? When are we doing something ethically wrong? All of these questions bring up another question, do ethics get in the way of producing knowledge? The arts and natural sciences are two areas of knowledge that deal a lot with ethics. The arts are a very free area of knowledge in with people are allowed to express themselves, the natural sciences require a lot of experimentation. In my opinion, knowledge is very valuable, and the production of it should be a priority if the sacrifice is reasonable. The arts are a valuable source of knowledge, producers of art tend to try to convey a message through their artwork. Art comes in many different forms, ranging from visual arts to music and even literary arts. Throughout all forms most of art there are lessons embedded in the art piece, or at least messages conveyed through the art. Similarly, most art contains some form of censorship, artists are not allowed to touch on certain topics. Even if artists decide to make art that touches on controversial or different topics, their art is typically not accepted in society and does not receive any publicity. Again, this is the case with almost all art, however for the purpose of this essay I am going to focus on literary art. An example that is very prevalent in my mind is the ban of _The Book of Negroes_ by Lawrence Hill. A dutchman named Roy Groenberg wrote a letter to Lawrence Hill. In the letter he wrote that a group of people in the Netherlands were going to burn Hills book because in contained the word negro in the title (Hopper). _The Book of Negroes_ is an award winning book that is about the life of an 11 year-old girl who is kidnapped in a village near Segu in Africa, and sent to North Carolina to be a slave. The book continues to tell the reader about her life as a slave (Hill). _The Book of Negroes_ is widely considered as very moving and a book that conveys important messages (Hopper). Unfortunately, because of the title it was misconceived as a book that was critical of African-Americans. Groenberg was the only person to act on his feelings, however that does not mean he was the only person to see this book as negatively directed at African-Americans. _The Book of Negroes_ was likely misconceived by many more people just because of the inclusion of the word negro in the title. Unfortunately, society has made many ethical judgements about the word negro which are usually justified but in this case prevent people expanding their knowledge (Hopper). This one of many examples, in which an ethical judgement limited methods available in the production of knowledge. This brings up the question in my mind, why do people shy away from certain words? An attempt to find the answer lead me to the Theory of Knowledge diagram, more specifically the ways of knowing. One way of knowing that intrigues me is language, this seems to answer my question. Language is a very powerful way of knowing, as words can be very powerful. There are handful of words in the english language that are not spoken because of how powerful they are. It seems to me that because of this some words are not tolerated even if the context is appropriate. Which sort of explains why The Book of Negroes received some criticism. It almost makes the criticism understandable, and I can begin to justify Groenbergs actions. Like I said before, almost all art forms have artwork that is not socially  accepted, and up to this point Ive only discussed literary art. However in my personal life I have learned about art not being accepted, when it comes to hip-hop music. I regularly listen to hip-hop music and it is a very important part of my life. In the eighth grade for a social studies class I had the opportunity to play a song in class as part of a project. This for me was especially difficult because a lot of hip-hop music is not completely suitable for a eighth grade class setting. Even though I had found a couple of songs that were perfect for what I needed, but had a little too much profanity. I completely understand that there are some inappropriate elements to hip-hop music that are not the best thing for a class room environment. However, I believe by the eighth grade students have developed a level of maturity, and should be able to listen to hip-hop music. All that needed to happen was for my classmates to disregard any profanity and see the song for what it truly is. Similarly, people should have looked past the title The Book of Negroes and read the book to see it for its value. Ethical judgments are as prevalent in the arts as they are in the natural sciences. From stem cell research to animal testing, there are a plethora of examples for natural sciences. The arts are as much about entertainment as they are gaining knowledge, or maybe even more. On the other hand the natural sciences is almost entirely about gaining new knowledge and improving what is already known. In this age, developments in natural sciences are nearly only about human advancement. Whether is medically or discovering new things. I am going to mainly focus on how various countries, such as Argentina, the United States, Russia, Iran and France, tested their space equipment. From the mid 1940s all the way to 2013, the mentioned countries have sent monkeys into space (Gray). Before leaders were confident enough to send humans into space, they sent monkeys into space to see how their equipment fared. As expected, most of these monkeys died horrible deaths in flight with no way of knowing what is happening or any way to help themselves (Gray). The most notable instances were the first few monkeys in space. In 1948 NASA sent a  rhesus monkey named Albert 39 miles into the air in a rocket. Albert died of suffocation mid flight, however NASA sent another monkey in the air named Albert II. Albert II survived the flight but died due to a parachute malfunction (Gray). When I discussed the Book of Negroes I reached a conclusion that gaining knowledge is more important than ethical issues. However, when discussing NASA monkeys it is much harder to decide. This is because lives are at stake, although they are not human lives it is still hard to think about something dying for space research. Majority of people agree that sending monkeys into space is wrong. How is it that NASA can design equipment to go into space, but can not create a machine that can detect air pressure and oxygen levels. Again, understanding this point of view is much easier but the theory of knowledge diagram came to my mind again. In the ways of knowing there is emotion, and that is likely the main way of knowing affecting people when they imagine monkeys dying for space research. It is easy to create an emotional bond with an animal as cute as a monkey, and most people can agree monkeys are cute. When reacting on emotions people reach rash conclusions. Which I think can be applied here, I am curious what the reaction would be if NASA tested with uglier or at least less cute animals. What if NASA sent warthogs into space? This is a situation when I personally hate to play devils advocate, however if I was an astronaut in the 1940s I would certainly not go into a space rocket. I have absolutely nothing against monkeys, but if I were forced to make a decision between a monkey dying and a human dying I would choose the monkey, without hesitation. In conclusion, knowledge is very valuable and has been something humans have cherished through the ages. The production of knowledge has been vital to the advancement of the human race. Under most circumstances in the arts and natural sciences, the production of knowledge does not require a major sacrifice, just a small loss or temporary discomfort. There are times in which it is not worth the sacrifice to learn something. However the vast majority of circumstances provide a reasonable loss for the production of  knowledge. Overall, I believe knowledge and the production of knowledge is extremely valuable and should be a priority when it comes to he arts and natural sciences. Works Cited Gray, Tara. A Brief History of Animals In Space. NASA. NASA HQ, 02 Aug 2004. Web. 16 Sep 2013. Hill, Lawrence. The Book of Negroes. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: HarperCollins, 2007. Print. Hopper, Tristin. Dutchman threatens to burn The Book of Negroes. National Post. National Post, 10 Jun 2011. Web. 16 Sep 2013. .

The Three Major Enterprise Applications

The Three Major Enterprise Applications Enterprise systems, customer relationship management, and supply chain management are three enterprise applications. Enterprise systems are based on a suite of integrated software modules and a common central database. Enterprise systems utilize enterprise software to support financial and accounting, human resources, manufacturing and production, and sales and marketing processes. Enterprise systems provide many benefits including an enterprise-enabled organization, improved management reporting and decision making, a unified information systems technology platform, and more efficient operations and customer-driven business processes. Supply chain management systems help an organization better manage its supply chain, including planning, sourcing, making, delivering, and returning items. Supply chain management software can be categorized as a supply chain planning system or as a supply chain execution system. A supply chain planning system enables a firm to generate demand forecasts for a product and to develop sourcing and manufacturing plans for that product. A supply chain execution system manages the flow of products through distribution centers and warehouses to ensure that products are delivered to the right locations in the most efficient manner. Supply chain management benefits include improved customer service and responsiveness, cost reduction, and cash utilization. Customer relationship management systems help firms maximize the benefits of their customer assets. These systems capture and consolidate data from all over the organization and then distribute the results to various systems and customer touch points across the enterprise. Customer relationship management systems can be classified as operational or as analytical. Operational CRM refers to customer-facing applications, such as sales force automation, call center and customer service support, and marketing automation. Analytical CRM refers to customer relationship management applications dealing with the analysis of customer data to provide information for improving business performance. Benefits include increased customer satisfaction, reduced direct marketing costs, more effective marketing, and lower costs for customer acquisition and retention. Exercise 2 (2 points): What are the benefits of enterprise systems? What are the challenges of enterprise systems? Benefits include creating an enterprise-enabled organization, providing firmware knowledge-based management processes, providing a unified information system technology platform and environment, and enabling more efficient operations and customer-driven business processes. Challenges include a daunting implementation process, surviving a cost-benefit analysis, inflexibility, and realizing strategic value. Exercise 3 (2 points): Search, list and describe five open source ERP Software Systems. Apache OFBix/opentaps: The Apache Open for Business Project is an open source enterprise automation software project licensed under the Apache License Version 2.0. By open source enterprise automation we mean: Open Source ERP, Open Source CRM, Open Source E-Business / E-Commerce, Open Source SCM, Open Source MRP, Open Source CMMS/EAM, and so on. Apache OFBiz is a foundation and starting point for reliable, secure and scalable enterprise solutions. Use it out-of-the-box (OOTB) or customize to suit even your most challenging business needs. With OFBiz in place, you can get started right away and then grow your operations as your business grows, without the huge deployment and maintenance costs of traditional enterprise automation systems. Apache OFBiz offers a great deal of functionality, including: Advanced e-commerce Catalog management Promotion pricing management Order management (sales purchase) Customer management (part of general party management) Warehouse management Fulfillment (auto stock moves, batched pick, pack ship) Accounting (invoice, payment billing accounts, fixed assets) Manufacturing management General work effort management (events, tasks, projects, requests, etc) Content management (for product content, websites, general content, blogging, forum, etc) A maturing Point Of Sales (POS) module using XUI as rich client interface And much more all in an open source package Compiere : Compiere (pronounced KOM-pyeh-reh, to accomplish, complete, fulfill in Italian) is an open source ERP and CRM business solution for the Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) in distribution, retail, service and manufacturing. Compiere is distributed by Compiere, Inc. and through the Compiere Partner Network, a collection of trained and authorized business partners. Compiere was founded in 1999 by Jorg Janke and was a top 10 project in Sourceforge from 2002 for 4 years reaching one million downloads and 100 partners in 2006. The application and source code is provided on the basis of the GNU General Public License version 2; this comprises the Community Edition. Also available for a fee is a Professional Edition with more features, a commercial license, and documentation and support contracts. Compiere encompasses ERP functionality, but in order to avoid the duplication of information and the need for synchronization, its organized in a different way. Compiere modules are: Quote to Cash, Requisition-to-Pay, Customer relationship management, Partner Relations Management, Supply Chain Management, Performance Analysis, Warehouse, Double-entry Book-keeping, Work-flow-Management and Web Store. A manufacturing module is being developed within an independent project CMPCS ERP5 : ERP5 has been recognized, since the beginning as an innovative and outstanding ERP solution. Hence, the first deployment of ERP5 for Coramy, a European leader in the apparel industry, was awarded best ERP implementation project in the special edition of DÃ ©cision Informatique in June 2004. ERP5 is an Enterprise Resource Planning Solution published as Open Source which means transparency, flexibility and evolutivity for customers. It also means no risks of forced upgrades, guaranteed lifetime maintainability and of course no license fee and no requirement to stay with the same vendor or Service Company forever ERP5 covers accounting, customer relationship management, trade, warehouse management, shipping, invoicing, human resource management, product design, production and project management. All ERP5 business processes are implemented based on Zope transactional Workflows. Workflows directly describe the business process of the customer. ERP5 workflows can be customized through the Web and extended to fit each customer specific needs. All resources in ERP5 can be variated in any number of dimensions, providing built-in configuration for products and reduced design cost for bill of materials (BOM) and bill of operations (BOO) as well as structured rule-based approaches to complex pricing. ERP5 CRM provides an extensible solution to track customers, their career history, their relation to organizations and all related events. It includes a flexible workflow based ticket management system to support sales opportunities, support requests and non conformance reports. It can act as a consolidation solution for all contact information in an organization with full multidimensional classification and built-in LDAP interfacing. Open MFG : OpenMFG (usually abbreviated OMFG) is an open source based, fully-integrated accounting, ERP, and CRM enterprise software solution, from xTuple. Built with the open source PostgreSQL database, and the open source Qt framework from Trolltech for C++, it provides functionality for a range of businesses and industries. It includes the following modules: Accounting (multi-company, general ledger, accounts receivable and payable, bank reconciliation, financial reporting) Sales (quotes, order entry, sales reporting, shipping) CRM (universal address book, incident management, opportunity management, to-do lists, project management) Purchasing (purchase orders, receiving, vendor reporting) Product Definition (items, infinite-level bills of material, bills of operations, breeder bills of material, costing) Inventory (multiple facility, multiple locations, other advanced warehouse features) Manufacturing (work orders, support for make-to-order, make-to-stock, repetitive) Planning (Manufacturing Requirements Planning-MRP, Master Production Scheduling-MPS, Buffer Management-TOC) OpenRPT open source report writer OpenMFG runs on Windows, Linux, and Mac and is internationalized (multi-currency, support for multiple tax structures, and multilingual translation packs maintained by a global community). OpenMFG is licensed under the xTuple Commercial End User License. OpenMFG is a manufacturing-centric enterprise resource planning solution which includes functionality to cover business processes for multiple manufacturing segments, customer relationship management, and accounting. The company utilizes open source technologies, and an open source development philosophy to offer its customers a hybrid open source/proprietary solution. The OpenMFG Community (customers, VARs, development partners), all get the source code and have the ability to contribute back to the base application Open Pro : OpenPro offers business software solutions for every company looking for more value and more features from their ERP solutions. Since 1998 we have been delivering Web-based ERP software solutions to small and mid-sized companies, and international enterprises. OpenPro supports most industries with a complete ERP software solution. As a provider of manufacturing ERP software, OpenPro excels in providing a full suite of applications within six modules: distribution, financials, manufacturing, customer relation management, e-commerce and systems. With its modular design, customers can select the software capabilities that meet their needs, confident in the ability to expand in the future within the ERP software suite. The enterprise distribution software module provides features including sales order processing, warehouse management, inventory control, and purchasing, plus other features; The financial module includes General Ledger, job cost, AP and AR, check reconciliation, fixed assets, payroll HRS, and budgets; The manufacturing module includes MRP II, capacity requirement planning g, bill of materials, product routing, master production scheduling, shop floor control and bar coding; The Customer relationship management module provides CRM capabilities to support sales; The e-commerce module supports customer-to-business transactions, business-to-business transactions, and credit card processing. The system module provides a wide variety of capabilities to make the system as user-friendly and useful as possible, including workflow management; document imaging; communications; information management system; CMM; knowledge base; and report writer, with a multi-language and multi-currency capability. Exercise 4 (2 points): Describe the balanced scorecard model and its role in ESS? In 1992, Dr. Robert Kaplan and Dr. David Norton developed the Balanced Scorecard as a financial and non-financial performance measurement technique that combines several factors to give management a balanced view of their company. The Balanced Scorecard Institute defines a balanced scorecard as, a strategic planning and management system that is used extensively in business and industry, government, and nonprofit organizations worldwide to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organization performance against strategic goals. Why balanced scorecard become necessary with many organisations? According to Kaplan and Norton, companies are using the balanced scorecard to drive strategy execution, clarify and identify strategic initiatives, and conduct strategy performance reviews to better understand their company. The decision to use a balanced scorecard should not be made lightly, and the addition of the balanced scorecard to a company is not just a one-time process, it is an evolution and continuous monitoring of company performance and should be considered a long-term investment. In particular, the Balanced Scorecard Institute includes a nine step process that has been developed for building and implementing a balanced scorecard. They are: Assessment Strategy Objectives Strategy Map Performance Measures Initiatives Automation Cascade Evaluation Nowadays, use of technology through automation is becoming a necessity for companys who want an effective scorecard process implemented. In step seven, automation, performance measurement software is applied so that managers and knowledge workers get the information they need when they need it. The addition of automation to the balance scorecard implementation assists in transferring information into knowledge and pushes the information through the system. It helps make better decisions more quickly. Meanwhile, executive support systems (ESS) can be built into many different specific software systems. The balanced scorecard is a specific ESS software program built to help organizations thrive in the economy. The balanced scorecard is an analysis tool to predict outcomes using current raw data. The balanced scorecard is a financial picture of the organization that can be analyzed and used to enhance the future. The balances scorecard also enables organizations to translate a companys vision and strategy into implementation working from perspectives: Financial perspective Customer perspective Business process perspective Learning and growth perspective A balanced scorecard is a framework that not only provides performance measurements, but also helps business planners identify what should be done and what should be measured. It also provides a clear vision as to what a business should measure in order to balance the organizations financial perspective. The balanced scorecard is an executive support management system that enables organizations to clarify their business or organizational visions and strategies and then translate them into an action plan. In addition, the balanced scorecard is known as a specific executive support system that is used to enable an organization to better manage its parts to make a more congruent and successful whole. Balanced scorecards use existing data assess performance, to predicts future trends and supplement future business decisions, much like ES Systems. The inventors of the balanced scorecard Kaplan Norton use this balanced scorecard system model to guide and evaluate businesses through the information age; Exercise 5 (2 point): What is a digital certificate? How does it work? A digital certificate is an electronic credit card that establishes your credentials when doing business or other transactions on the Web. It is issued by a certification authority( CA ). It contains your name, a serial number, expiration dates, a copy of the certificate holders public key (used for encrypting messages and digital signature s), and the digital signature of the certificate-issuing authority so that a recipient can verify that the certificate is real. Some digital certificates conform to a standard, X.509. Digital certificates can be kept in registries so that authenticating users can look up other users public keys. One widely-used tool for privacy protection is what cryptographers call symmetric or secret key encryption, called that way because one encryption key is used to both encrypt and to decrypt information. This key should obviously be kept secret from anyone not authorised to decrypt the information. Your log-on password, your cash card PIN, and the information you type in to enter your online bank accounts are all examples of secret keys. You share these secret keys only with the parties you want to communicate with, such as the bank or credit card company. Your private information is then encrypted with this secret key, and it can only be decrypted by one of the parties holding that same key. Despite its widespread use, this secret-key system has some serious limitations. As network communications proliferate, it becomes very cumbersome for users to create and remember different passwords for each situation. Moreover, the sharing of a secret key involves inherent risks. When you give your mothers maiden name over the telephone, how do you know you can trust the party on the other end of the line? Can you be sure it is really the credit card company you are talking to? Can you be sure nobody is maliciously listening in? If you give somebody your mothers maiden name and that person abuses it for their own gain, how can you prove you did not authorise their use? Digital Certificate technology addresses these issues because it does not rely on the sharing of secret keys. Rather than using the same key to both encrypt and decrypt data, a Digital Certificate uses a matched pair of keys which complement one another. In other words, what is done by one key can only be undone by the other key in the pair. In this type of key-pair system, a user holds onto a private key and never gives it to anyone, while widely disseminating a public key. Any information locked with the public key can only be unlocked by the corresponding private key, and vice versa. Since the public key alone does not provide access to communications, users do not need to worry about who gets hold of this key. For example, for the purposes of securing e-mail, key pairs can work in the following two ways. You can digitally sign your e-mail by enclosing an electronic stamp constructed by using your private key. When your recipient gets your message, their computer checks this stamp to see if it can be decrypted using your public key. If successful, the recipient knows that the message can only have come from the holder of the private key. Someone who wants to send you private e-mail can use your public key to encrypt the message. When you get the e-mail, your computer checks to see if the public key used to encrypt the e-mail is a valid match with your private key. If the match is successful, the message gets decrypted and you can read it. Anyone who receives your e-mail but does not hold your private key will be unable to decrypt and read the message. A Digital Certificate makes it possible to verify someones claim that they are the rightful owner of a given key, helping to prevent people from using counterfeit or stolen keys to impersonate other users. Used in conjunction with encryption, Digital Certificates provide a more complete security solution, assuring the identity of all parties involved in a transaction. Because a Digital Certificate uses and supplies us with the tools of cryptographic technology, it provides us with the ability to digitally sign documents or transactions, or to verify the signatures of others. It enables us to make documents or transactions only readable by those that we designate. Because Digital Certificates bind a public key to an individual or organisation, in a trusted manner, we can be sure of the identities behind these operations.

Problems With The Death Penalty Essay -- legal issues, death penalty

Who has the right to take away someone’s life? No one really, but the bitter truth is that the government does. The way they see it is an eye for an eye. Protecting the rest of the world from what is considered to be a monstrous human being filled with only hatred and violence, with no chance of changing or improving their horrific behaviors. The death penalty is racially and economically biased, rarely reversed for the wrongly accused, and the government should not have that power. What is the death penalty some might ask? According to WiseGreek â€Å"It is a punishment that involves executing someone after being found guilty of a capital crime. It is considered to be an act of retribution, making sure that the person cannot and will not repeat these offenses. Depending on where you live the death penalty differs. In the United States that honor is reserved for those who commit murder in the first degree, espionage, or treason. A typical sentence would be a decade or more just waiting for execution; where they will die from lethal injection. Until then prisoners on death row spend majority of their time suffering in isolation. Unlike the other prisoners those on death row are held to different standards. Unable to enjoy their last moments of their lives, living in unbearable and harsh living conditions. The 8ft by 8ft cells they are placed in can only hold a bed and toilet. During visiting hours inmates are separated by glass and closely watched. Janis Barkda le once stated in a recent interview with Aja Beech and myself that when she went to visit her fiancà © that in addition to the glass separating them and the guards Robert Lark was also wearing hand and ankle cuffs. Not to mention that when they are allowed to go outside for a... ...E ON DEATH ROW.† Web blog post. Death Penalty Information Center. Michigan Law Review, 2005, June 2008. Web. 13 Jan 2014. Donohue, John J., and Justin J. Wolfers. â€Å"Uses and abuses of empirical evidence in the death penalty debate.† Stanford law review 58.1 (2006): 791-846. â€Å"Death Penalty Appeals Process/ Capital Punishment in context†. Death Penalty Appeals Process/ Capital Punishment in Context. N.P., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. . "Does the Death Penalty Violate the 8th Amendment?" The Premier Online Debate Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2014. Equal Justice imitative.† Racial Bias. N.p., n.d. Web. 16. Jan 2014. . â€Å"Has DNA Testing Led to Significant Improvements in the Criminal Justice Statem?† ProCon.Org. 19 Aug. 2008. Web. 15 Dec.2013

Teenage Life Essay -- essays research papers

People who are nostalgic about childhood, were obviously never children. Few people can remember the truth about adolescence. Their minds "censor" their memories; and have them believe that being a teenager was was one big party, free of cares and responsibilities. Well let me say this, you couldnOt be more wrong if you had a lobotomy. There aren't that many adults around who realise what adolescence was really like. The anguish, the fear, the anxiety, the stress. People don't remember those problems because they want to forget them. The truth of the matter is, is that being a teenager is hard, right from the beginning, and it doesn't get any easier. We are such easy prey for big name companies who advertise using the pressure of popularity, looks and sex to force us to buy their product that, as it turns out, we never wanted or needed in the first place. Our lives are filled with stress. One of the greatest sources of pressure is school. Where we are herded like cattle from room to room, chewing on our cud, while the hay of knowledge is force fed to us as we are trying our hardest to gulp it down as more and more is shovelled in. Another great source of pressure is ourselves. We try our hardest to be accepted among a certain group or circle. Whereas most of the time we are rejected and we become depressed. Depression, another problem, along with ignorance and apathy that thwarts our lives. A wise man when questioned about his view on ignorance and apathy, said &...

The Character Alfieri in Arthur Millers Play, A View From the Bridge E

Arthur Miller, in his play A View from the Bridge, gives a different perspective of the story by focusing on the character Alfieri who makes the audience understand the real side of the play. Alfieri is a well educated lawyer who follows and respects the American law, but is still loyal to Italian ethnicity. In A View from the Bridge Alfieri is equivalent to the chorus in a Greek tragedy, meaning he introduces the play and narrates the story in flashback. He explains the events on the stage to the audience without actually participating. He opens the play with a very revealing account of how life used to be and how life is presently in America in the Italian community. He goes into graphic detail about the past murders: â€Å"†¦ and Frankie Yale himself was cut precisely in half by a machine gun on the corner of Union Street, two blocks away† (Act I pg 4). This creates a vivid mental picture and therefore creates the ideal environment for tragedy. In order to strengthen this point Alfieri states that lawyers in ancient times as well present times, were unable to prevent â€Å"complaint† running a â€Å"bloody course†, this causes us to issue the power and influence of law. In other words, justice is very essential but by law justice is not always delivered. Alfieri strongly believes that it is best to â€Å"settle for half†; this means that it is better to rely on written law and accept it even if you are half satisfied. It is better to follow the law rather taking it in your own hands. In the play we can see that Eddie Carbone betrays Marco and Rodolpho by calling the Immigration Bureau, this is ironic as Eddie is obeying the American law but not the Italian ‘law of honor’. Now there is no law to punish Eddie and as a consequence Marco takes th... ...ieri as a character and a narrator was successful in giving a twist of suspense in this play. The message conveyed through Alfieri is that we should judge with our heads, unlike Eddie whose actions are performed sentimentally. If we use our mind then the troubles that are attached to us will repel and if we give feelings to our action then more problems will be attracted to your life. Our behavior and actions cannot always depend on our feelings, although sometimes we need to take our sentiments into consideration and see how it will affect other people and the environment. If we use our mind, we can achieve the goal, but we need to take feelings along it. In every way we should always concretize our dreams and needs with feelings, but not very emotionally. John Harricharan truly said â€Å"Peace is not achieved by controlling nations, but mastering our thoughts.†

Cell Phone Effects on the Human Brain Essay

Walking around in school to walking around at the shopping malls with your mobile phone may seem fashionable and trendy, but most people do not know that it might be causing you to get a cancer and brain damage threw the loss of memory. Many mobile phone holders do not realize it and it should be something everyone should be aware of. It may seem pretty unusual how a mobile phone can cause a child or an adult to get cancer, but it is true. New evidence is growing fast about health risks from mobile phones and their electromagnetic radiation. Recently mobile phones are accused of emitting radiation, which is harmful for health causing cancer, brain tumors, headaches, and also sleeping disorders. These devices can be used to make telephone calls from almost any country in the world to another. Researchers are still being undertaken to come to a definite conclusion if there is any possible impairment by the â€Å"cell phone radiation. † â€Å"Research by the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority in Finland found that microwaves from cell phone handsets damaged the blood-brain barrier, which prevents materials from the blood entering the brain. It warned that this might have implications for human health, but it does not insinuate that the biological effect may necessarily pose health risk. It is generally accepted that damage to DNA is necessary for cancer to develop. However, radiofrequency energy, unlike ionizing radiation, does not cause DNA damage in cells, and it has not been found to cause cancer in animals or to enhance the cancer-causing effects of known chemical carcinogens in animals. Radiofrequency energy is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy that exhibits wave-like behavior as it travels through space. Electromagnetic radiation can be categorized into two types: ionizing which consist of x-rays, radon, and cosmic rays and also non-ionizing which consist of radio frequency and extremely low-frequency or power frequency. Exposure to ionizing radiation, such as from radiation therapy, is known to increase the risk of cancer. However, although many studies have examined the potential health effects of non-ionizing radiation from radar, microwave ovens, and other sources, there is currently no consistent evidence that non-ionizing radiation increases cancer risk. The only known biological effect of radiofrequency energy is heating. The ability for microwave ovens to heat food is an example of this effect of radiofrequency energy. Radiofrequency exposure from cell phone use does cause heating; however, it is not sufficient to measurably increase body temperatures. Cell phones use radio frequencies to transmit signals. Radio Frequencies are a form of electrical waves similar to those used in radios, microwaves, radars or satellite stations. They are emitted from a transmitter, and received using an antenna. This telephony technology is restricted geographically to small zones called â€Å"Cells†. Every cell has a base station capable of sending and receiving radio waves. When a call is started a signal leaves the handheld unit headed to the closest base station. This station answers by allocating a specific channel to the unit. There are two types of phones, one has the antenna mounted on the handset and the other has the antenna mounted on a separate transmitter or, if the telephone is installed in a vehicle, mounted on the roof or rear window. There have been many concerns that radiofrequency energy from cell phones held closely to the head may affect the brain and other tissues, to date there is no evidence from studies of cells, animals, or humans that radiofrequency energy can cause cancer. A recent study showed that when people used a cell phone for 50 minutes, brain tissues on the same side of the head as the phone’s antenna metabolized more glucose than it did tissues on the opposite side of the brain. The researchers noted that the results are preliminary, and possible health outcomes from this increase in glucose metabolism are still unknown. Today, all the mobile phone manufacturers are now producing mobiles with a limited Specific Absorption Rate, also known as â€Å"SAR† which minimizes the impact of radiation. Specific absorption rate is a measure of the rate at which energy is absorbed by the body when exposed to a radio frequency electromagnetic field. It is commonly used to measure power absorbed from mobile phones and during MRI scans. It can also refer to absorption of other forms of energy by tissue, including ultrasound. It is defined as the power absorbed per mass of tissue and has units of watts per kilogram. Parts of the radio waves emitted by a mobile telephone handset are absorbed by the human head. The radio waves emitted by a GSM handset can have a peak power of 2 watts. SAR is usually averaged either over the whole body, or over a small sample volume which is typically 1 g or 10 g of tissue. The value cited is then the maximum level measured in the body part studied over the stated volume or mass. In theory, children have the potential to be at greater risk than adults for developing brain cancer from cell phones. Their nervous systems are still developing and therefore more vulnerable to factors that may cause cancer. Their heads are much smaller than adults and therefore have a greater proportional exposure to radiofrequency radiation that is emitted by cell phones. Also children have the potential of accumulating more years of cell phone exposure than adults do. Technology has always made a great impact on our society. Over the last few decades, there have been many inventions that have changed our lifestyles dramatically. Cellular Telephony has, by all accounts, modified how we interact with others, but with consequences that follow. To this day, there are a growing number of unconfirmed reports of individuals whose health has been affected after frequent use of mobile phones, presumably from radiation effects on brain cells. The full result of long-term use on mobile phones has not yet been able to be tested, simply because they have not been around long enough for the symptoms to make themselves clear. Is putting our health at risk really worth it?

Character Analysis of Aminata: Book of Negroes Essay

The Book of Negroes by Lawerence Hill started as a story of the capture of a West African girl and her journey to become a slave. Her traumatizing experience was written with a desperate tone that was achieved through the use of literary devices such as metaphors and alliteration. Emphasis was put on the conflict between Aminata and society which helped to develop her as a hopeful character. â€Å"We walked for many suns, growing slowly in members, lumbering forward until we were an entire town. Each time, people swarmed out to stare at us. Initially, I believed that the villagers were coming to save us. Surely they would oppose this outrage. But they only watched and sometimes brought out captors roasted meat in exchange for cowrie shells and chunks of salt. Some night when they had us lie down in fields, our captors paid village women to cook for us-yams, millet cakes, corn cakes, sometimes with a bubbling peppered sauce. We ate in small groups, crouching around a big calabash, spooning out the hot food with the curved fingers of our right hand. While we ate, our captors negotiated with local chiefs. Ever chief demanded payment for passage through his land. Every night, our captors bartered and bickered well into the evening. I tried to understand, in the hope of leaning something about where we were going and why† (p. 34, Hill). In this quotation, Aminata’s journey is described with a bleak and demoralizing tone. The journey of Aminata and her hostages lasted â€Å"for many suns† and wore down their hope for freedom and their faith in humanity. The hostages continued â€Å"lumbering forward† as â€Å"an entire town of kidnapped peoples,† with no hope of being saved. When â€Å"people swarmed out to stare at us †¦Ã‚  we initially believed that the villagers were coming to save us. † Eventually the captives realize that the people are only interested in making exchanges with their captors. This leaves the hostages with the forlorn realization that no one would make an attempt to liberate them. The captives were demoralized further when they â€Å"crouched around a big calabash, spooning out hot food with the curved fingers of our right hands. † As captives, the native West Africans were treated as less than human. Like animals, they were forced to gather around a bucket of food and eat without tools. The lack of respect and dignity given to the captives corrupted their sense of self-worth until there was little left but the instinct to survive. Literary devices are a key element in setting the tone of this novel. As the captives were continuing they were â€Å"slowly growing in number†¦ until we were an entire town of kidnapped people. † This metaphor emphasizes the number of prisoners the captors have taken hostage and that the group goes far beyond Aminata. It also emphasizes the amount of power the captors have other the captives. Even though the captives outnumber the captors, the captors are still capable of preventing any rebellion and power within the hostages. Another literary device that highlights the hopeless situation of the captives is parallel structure. On their journey they â€Å"passed village after village, and town after town. † The us of parallel structure creates a sense that the journey of the slaves is perpetual and induces the feeling that the slaves are stuck on a ceaseless journey. This also contributes to the hopeless mood of the novel; with no end in sight the slaves find little to look forward to. Although the captives lose hope in their future, Aminata manages to keep a part of herself hopeful and this is essential to her characterization. Aminata knows that there is a very small chance of escaping, but she also knows that if she has more knowledge of the captor’s plans, she has a better chance at freedom: â€Å"Every night I heard the captors barter and bicker well into the evening. I tried to understand, in the hope of learning something about where they were going, and why. † This also demonstrates her thirst for knowledge. Growing up Aminata strived to learn reading and writing and any other skills she could. She does not let go of this part of herself even in her futile situation. As well as being hopeful and clever, Aminata proves to be innocent and naive. While travelling through villages she believes â€Å"the villagers were coming to save us. Surely they would oppose this outrage. † But Aminata eventually realises that the villagers are not interested in freeing the captives. The only concern the villagers have is to make deals with the captors. Her ideals, that the people of her country would band together to bring a stop to their exploitation, are crushed and strips her of her innocence on her journey to slavery. Aminata finds herself in many conflicts with many different elements. One example is the conflict between her and society. Society viewed Aminata and her fellow prisoners as less than human and with little value. The slaves were treated like animals, â€Å"people swarmed out to stare at us†. They are seen as another species and not as people with intelligence and skills. But contrary to the beliefs of the society, Aminata is an intelligent and skillful girl whose thirst for knowledge is never put to rest. She continues to try â€Å"to understand the chiefs, in the hope of learning something. † She also knows how to read and write which is considered extremely valuable in her culture. But because society views slaves as non humans who are not capable of being intellectual, Aminata’s capabilities are not seen by others and she is continual seen as an inferior. The Book of Negroes tells a story about the degrading experience many had to go through because they were seen as inferior. This degradation is apparent through the demoralizing and bleak tone. But Aminata manages to keep hope and a clear head and provide a beacon for herself and others around her. She continues to expand her horizon of knowledge and aspire to better herself. Although she is faced against the power or society, Aminata holds strong to herself and carries on. Her story is told with the use of literary devices such as parallel structure and metaphors to emphasize the desperation and inadequacy of her journey. She manages to look past all the horrors that surround her and hope for a better future, and perhaps with her strong will and knowledge she will achieve this someday.

Females Portrayal in Death of a Salesman Essay

In the play, Death of a Salesman, Linda depicts the author’s view of women within this time. Linda was anxious in becoming the finest â€Å"housewife†. Her nature and disposition, even before she enters the play, is one of kindness, love and a deep admiration for her husband Willy, despite his faults. She took on full responsibility for herself and family. At this point in history the typical woman was viewed as a housekeeper and nothing more. In most of Linda’s sense she is viewed in or around the house. She is mainly found in the living room, bedroom, and kitchen throughout the play. Often times her stage directions will be â€Å"carrying a washbin† or always retrieving what other character’s need. Stage directions within just the first few lines indicated that Linda was â€Å"taking off [Willy’s] shoes† for him. Linda was always working hard to keep the men around her happy and living in comfort. During this time this was a trait all women tried to fulfill. Linda’s relationship with Willy is the most obvious evidence of the view of women within this time. Willy is a symbol of the typical man who takes advantage of the women in his life and relies on them for comfort and support while giving them nothing in return. Linda constantly refers to her husband as â€Å"dear† or â€Å"darling† while he shows her no mutual treatment of affection. She will constantly make excuses for Willy to hide his temperament and that shows her infinite patience. This shows that Linda is not willing to go against Willy in any way even if it was to stand up for herself, she will not go against his word. Every step Linda takes, is in order to make Willy feel comfortable, constantly complementing him saying â€Å"Willy, darling, you’re the handsomest man in the world†. It is evident that the affection from a woman was much for present then that from the man. She is also seen constantly worrying for her husband and family, but not for herself. She will go out of her way to make sure Willy has everything he needs before he leaves the house and will remind him of small things saying â€Å"Be careful on the subway stairs† as if he was just a boy. The woman figure is presented as the one that must tend to everyone else’s needs and make sure that everyone else is well prepared. The women are also views, as the one’s that keep the men in their lives back from pursuing a life beyond the home. When Willy longs to go out to Alaska for a life of adventure, Linda begs him to â€Å"stay with her and the children. † Since the women are seen as such subservient wives who are entirely tied to the home, when Willy hopes to leave the comforts of home she attempts to convince him that everything around home can not get any better than what it already is. Not only will she respond this way to only Willy, but also for the sake of Willy she will react quite differently to her sons. She shouts, â€Å"Don’t you care whether Willy lives or dies? †. Even in the midst of trying to convince herself that Willy’s affair was not true, Linda will do anything to protect Willy. She demands her children to have respect just as she does towards Willy, whether it was respect deserved or not. The male figure is viewed as the selfish man who does not take consideration to the ones around them, taking complete advantage of every situation, treating there wives as toys and disrespecting them to the extreme and having affairs. Linda is made to be a wife who at all cost, no matter what the situation, will always stay nothing but loyal to her husband. Miller suggests those women are not only to be submissive to men, but also truly have no identity apart from them. Therefore, in essence the men are seen to have ultimate control over every situation and the women in their lives while the women are intentionally submissive. A woman only has purpose in a man, yet she will â€Å"hold the man back† so he inevitably will resent her basically either way, woman is destined for a life trying to â€Å"work† for her husband’s â€Å"love. Linda was always limited to what she could do, along with what she said. Arthur Miller showed how one-dimensional a women’s life was just to prove she was worthy of a home and family. Linda was never granted the right to stand up for her self, and even if the opportunity was present it would have not been taken, do to disrespecting Willy in his home. During this time this was a trait all women strived to fulfill.